{"id":4564,"date":"2022-08-24T12:50:09","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T12:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1307007.us31.myftpupload.com\/?p=4564"},"modified":"2025-03-21T10:09:59","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T10:09:59","slug":"factsheet-polio-vaccines-and-what-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/factsheet-polio-vaccines-and-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"FACTSHEET: Polio vaccines and what you need to know"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4565 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF-330x220.jpeg 330w, https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF-420x280.jpeg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/poliomyelitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Poliomyelitis popularly known as polio<\/a>\u00a0is a crippling disease that results from infection with any one of the three related poliovirus types \u2013 P1, P2, and P3.<\/p>\n<p>The disease mainly affects children\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/poliomyelitis#tab=tab_3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under age 5<\/a>. But anyone of any age who is unvaccinated can contract the disease as well.<\/p>\n<p>With no cure, \u201cthe polio vaccine, given multiple times, can protect a child for life. More than 18 million people are able to walk today who would otherwise have been paralysed, since 1988, when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched,\u201d the World Health Organization noted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Types of Polio Vaccines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>There are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/health-product-policy-and-standards\/standards-and-specifications\/vaccines-quality\/poliomyelitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two types of polio vaccines<\/a>\u00a0including\u00a0Inactivated (killed) Polio Vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) and all these vaccines work effectively against all three types of poliovirus.<\/p>\n<p>Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)\u00a0is produced from wild-type poliovirus strains of each serotype that have been inactivated (killed) with formalin<strong>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is an injectable vaccine.<\/p>\n<p>This type of polio vaccine can be administered alone or in combination with other vaccines \u2013 that as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenza.<\/p>\n<p>Generally, three spaced doses are administered to generate adequate levels of seroconversion, and in most countries, a booster dose is added during late childhood.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPV provides serum immunity to all three types of polioviruses, resulting in protection against paralytic poliomyelitis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Meanwhile, the\u00a0Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)\u00a0consists of a mixture of live attenuated poliovirus strains of each of the three serotypes, selected by their ability to mimic the immune response following infection with wild polioviruses.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBut with a significantly reduced incidence of spreading to the central nervous system,\u201d the WHO emphasized.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>How the Oral Polio Vaccine works<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The action of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) is two-pronged. Until recently most countries have used the oral polio vaccine.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OPV produces antibodies in the blood (\u2018humoral\u2019 or serum immunity) to all three types of polioviruses, and in the event of infection, this protects the individual against polio paralysis by preventing the spread of poliovirus to the nervous system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>OPV strains also produce a local immune response in the lining (\u2018mucous membrane\u2019) of the intestines \u2013 the primary site for poliovirus multiplication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The antibodies produced there inhibit the multiplication of subsequent infections of the \u2018wild\u2019 (naturally occurring) virus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This intestinal immune response to OPV is probably a reason why mass campaigns with OPV have been shown to stop person-to-person transmission of wild poliovirus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Polio vaccination in The Gambia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>In 2021,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/polioeradication.org\/where-we-work\/gambia\/#:~:text=WHO&#039;s%20International%20Travel%20and%20Health,to%2012%20months%20of%20travel.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Gambia<\/a>\u00a0declared a \u201cpublic health emergency\u201d after nine cases of poliovirus \u2013 vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) \u2013 were confirmed.<\/p>\n<p>This was after the country was declared polio-free some 17 years ago ( 2004 ).<\/p>\n<p>The country has since embarked on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/gambia\/event\/second-round-polio-vaccination-kick-gambia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national Polio Vaccination Campaigns<\/a>, with a recent intervention targeting about 382,908 children aged 0 \u2013 59 months.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>By: Gifty Tracy Aminu<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poliomyelitis popularly known as polio\u00a0is a crippling disease that results from infection with any one of the three&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45,53],"tags":[],"coauthors":[474],"class_list":["post-4564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gambia","category-health"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":45,"label":"Gambia"},{"value":53,"label":"Health"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UNICEF.jpeg",600,400,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"Gifty Tracy Aminu","author_link":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/author\/gifty-tracy-aminu\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":45,"name":"Gambia","slug":"gambia","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":45,"taxonomy":"category","description":"<div class=\"row clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\r\n\r\nGet the latest Gambia fact-checks from FactSpace West Africa, an independent, non-partisan organisation working to tackle mis\/disinformation and propaganda across West Africa.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col-md-6\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","parent":0,"count":96,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":45,"category_count":96,"category_description":"<div class=\"row clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"col-md-6\">\r\n\r\nGet the latest Gambia fact-checks from FactSpace West Africa, an independent, non-partisan organisation working to tackle mis\/disinformation and propaganda across West Africa.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"col-md-6\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>","cat_name":"Gambia","category_nicename":"gambia","category_parent":0},{"term_id":53,"name":"Health","slug":"health","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":53,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":58,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":53,"category_count":58,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Health","category_nicename":"health","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6310,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4564\/revisions\/6310"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4564"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enspirefx.com\/royale\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=4564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}